Muslim Identities in France and Britain Free Essay Example, 3250 words

Though the approach of Britain and France is different towards the Muslims who are also their probable citizens, the two countries, however, do agree on how their own Muslim citizens should conduct and behave themselves. For instance, Tony Blair stated that Britain s citizens, including Muslims, should conform to Britain s common values. Further, they should obey the rule of law, perform their duties towards the state and other citizens while even so, holding their rights. The citizens should also maintain freedom from violence and discrimination (Moosavi, Leon, p.6). France, reflecting on its Muslim citizens feels that The idea of regularly practicing one s religion can indicate an incomplete adaptation to modern life, or to French life. Too much prayer, the wrong clothing, too many trips back to the old country, all suggest that the person is a bit too transnational to be properly national. Despite public assurances to the contrary it is possible, and perhaps likely, that a gro wing adherence to Islamic norms of ritual practices will continue to conflict with (some) French ideas about the appropriate everyday behavior of French citizens (Bowen, John R., 2002, p. 7). France, requiring a more major shift of lifestyle of its Muslims citizens from the Islamic one to the French way of living, it has been maintained that even religious symbols are not to be incorporated in dress or attire. We will write a custom essay sample on Muslim Identities in France and Britain or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The Stasi Commission suggested in its report delivered in 2003, that wearing conspicuous religious symbols should be banned in public schools .

The Economic And Political Environment During Early Post War

The source, spoken on the 5th June 1947, is an extract from an address given by the then Secretary of State, George Marshall, outlining his and America’s plan to provide substantial economic aid to the European states, to help facilitate the rebuilding process in the continent. To understand both the need and importance of Marshall’s address in 1947, the economic and political environment in early post war Europe the must be put into context. The Second World War left the majority of European states in serious economic trouble; ‘economies were suffering with open and repressed inflation, disruptive food and raw material shortages’, and the destruction of industry from bombing left production stagnant, consequently leading to the collapse of trade and widespread commodity hoarding in Europe. The political state of the continent was therefore volatile, as Europe cooperation struggled deeply with an identity crisis and the Soviet Union increased its sphere of influence across the East. If ‘hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos’ were to amass, the economic and political advantages of being allied with the continent would quickly deteriorate and soon after Europe would become a serious threat to America. Therefore, Marshall und erstood ‘that European economic recovery was essential to the long-term interests of the United States’ and once becoming Secretary of State on 21st January 1947, he knew substantial plan of American aid must be put in place. While Marshall gives hisShow MoreRelatedModernization Theory Of The Post War Years1324 Words   |  6 PagesSecond World War. The United States found themselves in a unique position where they had shown their military and technological prowess, were the only victor whose infrastructure had not been damaged by the war and saw themselves as the technological leader of the world and a model to be emulated. 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Teen’s Alcohol Abuse Free Essays

The study aims to identify the factors influencing alcohol abuse among teenagers whose age range from 13 to 19 years. Stratified random sampling will be applied, with samples coming from across the state to ensure the heterogeneity of the sample in terms of the variables being studied. Stratified random sampling is done by dividing the population into strata, in this case by the towns the respondents currently reside, then by employing simple random sampling from each stratum (or town) (Johnston, B. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen’s Alcohol Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now , and Christensen, L., 2000). The target number of sample will be set at 10% of the 13-19 year old population in each town (rural or urban). A possible barrier to achieving this set number of sample however is the difficulty in achieving this huge target due to the limited time and financial resources. A solution seen to overcome this barrier is through the use of the internet and sending of electronic mails to reach the respondents. The use of this type of method of data gathering may possibly cause risks in the validity of the answers given by the respondents. Confusion on the part of the respondents may take place, and the researcher may not be available at all times to attend to clarifications. In order for this threat to be avoided, the survey questions have been constructed to be simple and concise. This sample is said to be representative of the population because of the randomization that has been done to assure that the sample is composed of individuals who are not in any way homogenized in one or more traits or characteristics being studied. The survey tool used is a 13-item questionnaire with open-ended and closed-ended questions. Possible answers which are mutually exclusive have been constructed. Should the answer not be found in the list of answers, then the sample may choose to state his response. The survey tool and variables measured The variables are demographic in nature such as age, and several socio-cultural variables such as the individuals the respondent is currently living with, annual family income, the drinking history of the parents, attitude of the parents towards alcohol, and the respondent’s experience in witnessing violence and the frequency of witnessing this violence. Behavioral and attitudinal characteristics of the respondents will also be measured, such current alcohol intake, frequency of alcohol intake, and history of alcohol abuse, and availability of or accessibility to alcohol. The variable â€Å"age† is defined as the age of the respondent in years at the time of the study. This variable is answered by the second survey question, which is a closed-ended one. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is. â€Å"Companion in Residence† is defined as the individual/s (if any) with whom the respondent has live with for the most part of his life. This has been defined in such a manner due to the assumption that should an individual’s beliefs or behavior be affected by another individual, this effect is said to be incurred by the person he has lived with longest in his life. Possible responses to this question include parents, relatives or guardians, friends or peers, or none. It is a closed-ended type of survey question. The variable â€Å"annual family income† is defined as the average income in US$ incurred by the family in one year. It will be measured in the fourth survey question which is a closed-ended one. The lowest class of the range has been set at less than $5000, whereas the highest has been set at $65,001 and above. Since the level of measurement is ratio, the response to this item will be coded as it is. The variable â€Å"alcohol drinking† is defined as the respondent’s current behavior towards alcohol, i.e. if he at present drinks or does not drink alcohol. This variable will be measured in the fifth survey question, where the respondent answers â€Å"yes† to indicate that he currently drinks alcohol, or a â€Å"no† to indicate that he does not currently drink alcohol. The question is a closed ended one. How to cite Teen’s Alcohol Abuse, Papers

Alphonse Capone Essay Example For Students

Alphonse Capone Essay Al Capone grew up in New York and became involved in a gang very early in his life. Later on he became a very popular mob leader. For all the crimes he committed, he was taken to jail for not paying his taxes. He Al Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1899, of an immigrant family. He quit school after sixth grade and became a member of a street gang that was lead by Johnny Torrio. About 1920, Capone went to Chicago and met up with Torrio, who had become a lieutenant in the Colosimo mob. The enactment of the Prohibition Amendment opened a way for criminals to make money by brewing and distributing beer and liquor. Torrio and Capone intended to take full advantage of the opportunities. Torrio gained full leadership of the gang after Big Jim Colosimo died and Capone gained experience as his partner. In 1925, Capone became the boss when Torrio, was seriously injured in an assassination attempt, surrendered control and retired in Brooklyn. Capones fearless reputation grew as rival gangs were eliminated and the Capone mob got bigger and took over the suburb of Cicero. The St. Valentines Day Massacre on February 14, 1929, was when seven members of the Bugs Moran mob were machine-gunned in a garage by rivals posing as police. The massacre was attached to the Capone mob, although Al was in Florida while all of this happened. The investigation of Al Capone arose because he didnt appear before a Federal Grand Jury on March 12, 1929, in response to a subpoena. On March 11, his lawyer asked to postpone the trial, because a doctors affidavit was submitted on March 5, that said he had been suffering from bronchial pneumonia in Florida and had been confined to bed from January 13 to February 23, and would be bad for Capones health to travel to Chicago. His appearance date before the Grand Jury was re-set for March 20. The Bureau of Investigation Agents obtained statements that said that Capone had attended race tracks in Miami, and that he made a plane trip to Bimini and a cruise to Nassau. He had been interviewed at the office of the Dade County Solicitor and that he appeared in good health. Capone appeared before the Federal Grand Jury on March 20, 1929, and finished his testimony on March 27. After that he was arrested by Agents for Contempt of Court and the penalty would be one year and a $1,000 fine. He posted a $5,000 bond and was released. On May 17, 1929, Capone and his bodyguard were arrested in Philadelphia for carrying deadly weapons. They were sentenced to one year each, but Capone was released in nine months, on March 17, 1930, for good behavior. On February 28, 1936, Capone was sentenced to six months in Cook County Jail on a Contempt of Court charge. Meanwhile, the U. S. Treasury Department found evidence in tax evasion charges on Al Capones brother Ralph Bottles Capone, Jake Greasy Thumb Guzik, Frank Nitti, and other mobsters. On October 18,1931, Capone was convicted after trial, and on November 24, was sentenced to eleven years in Federal prison, fined $50,000 and charged $7,692 for court costs in addition to $215,000 due back on taxes. While waiting for the results of the appeals, Capone was sent to Cook County Jail. After his appeals were denied, he entered the U. S. Penitentiary at Atlanta and then on to Alcatrez. On November 16, 1939, Al Capone was released, after serving seven years six months and fifteen days, and had paid all fines and back taxes. .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac , .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .postImageUrl , .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac , .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac:hover , .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac:visited , .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac:active { border:0!important; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac:active , .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34a684c67ff0e0f214542a13518747ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide EssayDuring his confinement, he had gotten syphilis and and then suffered from paresis. Immediately after he was released he went to the Baltimore hospital for brain treatment, and then went to his Florida home, an estate on Palm Island in Biscayne Bay near Miami, which he had purchased in 1928. By 1946, Capone had the mentality of a twelve-year-old. He lived in a secluded atmosphere, with his wife and immediate family, until he died of a stroke and pneumonia on January 25, 1947.